Kumar, Deepak, “Science policy of the Raj (1857-1905)”, Ph.D. thesis, University of Delhi (India), 1986; AAT C071160. Brief summary.

“The object(of this thesis) is to know the nature, objectives, and working of the science policy of the Raj…. In some ways, (Victorian) colonial science represents an advance over the pre-colonial science. It was far more systematic, methodical, penetrative and pervasive…. The private scientific bodies were often more vigorous than the government machinery itself. Changing economic needs, the proliferation of scientific establishments and the growing concern shown for them by the educated Indians made the Government think in terms of an apex body to regulate scientific affairs in India.… Though they failed to act as efficient midwives ensuring smooth transition, the colonial phase in Indian science was never to be the same again. Scientific education never fit into the exigencies of the Company Raj. In place of science education came some sort of a rudimentary technical education. The progress and problems of education in medical, engineering, and science faculties have been examined. I then deal with researches in science. No study of the British policy could be complete without looking into the Indian response. The Indians were excluded, as a matter of policy, from any effective participation in government scientific undertakings. Hence, the Indians began to look for a distinct identity. It was during this phase of transition that some of the most intractable dilemmas confronting Victorian scientific administration were brought into focus. How to reconcile the requirements of a paternalistic Raj with the rising aspirations of its subjects.)” From the abstract