Zivin, Joselyn Amy, The
projection of India: Imperial propaganda, the British State and Nationalist
India, 1930-47, PhD thesis, Duke
University, 1994. Brief
summary.
“In the wake of the First World War the British colonial government
established the core of what became an internally embattled global network
charged with defending British rule in India. Officials in New Delhi and London
recognized the fundamental threat that the Indian national movement under
Mohandas Gandhi posed to colonial legitimacy both in India and abroad. At the same time,
the propaganda legacies of the War would not be easily shelved; these included
the development of mass communications technologies and the strategies with
which Britain
and its enemies had employed them. By the 1930s the Indian national movement
had proven superior at using these strategies on the world stage of public
opinion, largely through Gandhi's self-orchestrated emergence as the embodiment
of a reworked orientalist image of India. In response the
transnational colonial state intensified its own propaganda, a project
integrally tied up with the broader development of a bureaucratic apparatus for
the control and dissemination of official information. In Britain the India Office
Information Department courted and admonished the press, produced propaganda materials,
and monitored the BBC and other government agencies. In India, the fate of government radio
broadcasting and an instrumentally liberal information policy evidenced the
alienation of the British structure of rule from public opinion. During the Second
World War Britain's
communist and fascist enemies and its American allies joined the Indian
national movement in its assault on British imperialism. Britain's global
claims to be ensuring political stability in a divided India did nothing to
earn the reputation of a visionary world power, while attempts to promote Britain's war mission in India itself illustrated the
ideological and political bankruptcy of the colonial administration. By the end
of the war Britain's
colonial rule in India had
expired and a new world hierarchy was in place in which Britain was fully subordinate to the United States.
In this context British propagandists turned to the neo-imperial and thus
doomed 'Commonwealth Idea,' with its emphasis on equal partnership under
British leadership. Independent India, meanwhile, inherited Britain's propaganda structures
along with the rest of the colonial legacy. They are still in use today.” From the abstract.