Edition 1.
20 September 2011

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Pronunciation of Numerals in EBHP[1]

By David Steinberg

David.Steinberg@houseofdavid.ca

Home page http://www.houseofdavid.ca/

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See Blau 2010 §4.5 Remarks on the Numerals

1. Cardinal

	Masculine		Feminine
	TH *[TH] (c. 850 CE)	EBHP */EBHP/^+ *[EBHP]^[2] (c. 850-550 BCE)	TH *[TH] (c. 850 CE)	EBHP */EBHP/^+ *[EBHP] (c. 850-550 BCE)
1	אֶˈחָד [ʔɛːˈħɔːð]	/ʾaˈḥaːd/ [ʔɐˈħaːd]	אַˈחַת [ʔɐːˈħɐːθ]	/ʾaˈḥat(t)[3]/ [ʔɐˈħɐt]
2	שְׁˈנַיִם [ˈʃnɐːyim]? [ʃәˈnɐːyim]?	/šịˈnaym/ [ʃɪˈnɐym]	שְׁˈתַּיִם [ˈʃtɐːyim]	/šịtˈtaym/[4] [ʃɪtˈtɐym]
3	שְׁלˈשָׁה [ʃәloːˈʃɔː]	/šạlōˈšâ/ [ʃɐloːˈʃɐː]	ֹשָˈלֹש [ʃɔːˈloːʃ]	/šaˈlōš/ [ʃɐˈloːʃ]
4	אַרְבָּˈעָה [ʔɐɾbɔːˈʕɔː]	/ʾarbaˈ^câ/ [ʔɐɾbɐˈʕɐː]	אַרְˈבַּע [ʔɐɾˈbɐːʕ]	/ʾarˈba^c/ [ʔɐɾˈbɐʕ]
5	חֲמִˈֹשָּׁה [ħɐ̆mɪʃˈʃɔː]	/ḥạmiˈšâ/ [ħɐmɪˈʃɐː]	חָˈמֵֹש [ħɔːˈmẹːʃ]	/ḥaˈmeːš/ [ħɐˈmẹːʃ]
6	שִׁˈֹשָּׁה [ʃiʃˈʃɔː]	/šišˈšâ/ [ʃɪšˈʃɐː]	ˈֹשֵשׁ [ˈʃẹːʃ]	/ˈšišš/ [ˈʃɪʃʃ]
7	שִׁבְˈעָה [ʃivˈʕɔː]	/šabˈ^câ/ > /šibˈ^câ/ [ʃɪbˈʕɐː]	ֹˈשֶבַע [ˈʃɛːbɐʕ]	/ˈšab^c/[5] [ˈʃɐbʕ]? [ˈʃɐbәʕ]?
8	שְׁמֹˈנָה [ʃәmoːˈnɔː]	/šạmōˈnâ/ [ʃɐmoːˈnɐː]	ֹשְמֹˈנֶה [ʃәmoːˈnɛː]	/šạmōˈnê/[6] [ʃɐmoːˈnẹː]
9	תִּשָׁ ˈעָה [tiʃˈʕɔː]	/tišˈ^câ/ [tɪʃˈʕɐː]	ˈתֵֹּשַע [ˈtẹːʃɐʕ]	/ˈtiš^c/ [ˈtɪʃʕ]? [ˈtɪʃәʕ]?
10	עֲשָֹˈרָה [ʕɐ̆sɔːˈɾɔː]	/^cạśaˈrâ/ [ʕɐɬɐˈɾɐː]	ˈעֶשֶר [ˈʕɛsɛɾ]	/ˈ^caśr/ [ˈʕɐɬɾ]? [ˈʕɐɬәɾ]?
11	אַˌחַד עָˈשָֹר [ʔɐːˌħɐːð ʕɔːˈsɔːɾ] עַֹשְˌתֵּי עָˈשָֹר [ʕɐʃˌtẹː ʕɔːˈsɔːɾ]	/ʾaˌḥad ^caˈśaːr/ [ʔɐˌħɐd ʕɐˈɬaːɾ] OR /^cašˌtay ^caˈśaːr/ [ʕɐšˌtay ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]? [ʕɐʃˌtɛy ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]?	אַˌחַת עֶשְֹˈרֵה [ʔɐːˌħɐːt ʕɛsˈɾẹː] עַֹשְˌתֵּי עֶשְֹˈרֵה [ʕɐšˌtẹː ʕɛśˈɾẹː]	/ʾaˌḥat(t) ʕaśˈrệ/ [ʔɐˌħɐt ʕɐɬˈɾẹː] /^cašˌtay ʕaśˈrệ/ [ʕɐʃˌtay ʕɐɬˈɾẹː] or [ʕɐʃˌtɛy ʕɐɬˈɾẹː]
12	עָˈשָֹר ֹשְˌנֵים [ʃәˌnẹːm ʕɔːˈsɔːɾ]? [ˌʃnẹːm ʕɔːˈsɔːɾ]? ֹשְˌנֵי עָˈשָֹר [ʃәˌnẹː ^cɔːˈsɔːɾ]? [ˌʃnẹː ^cɔːˈsɔːɾ]?	/šịˌnaym ^caˈśaːr/ [ʃɪˌnɐym ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]? [ʃɪˌnɛym ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]? /šịˌnay ^caˈśaːr/ [ʃɪnˌay ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]? [ʃɪnˌɛy ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]?	ˌשְׁתֵּים עֶשְֹˈרֵה [ˌʃtẹːym ʕɛsˈɾẹː] ֹשְˌתֵּי עֶשְֹˈרֵה [ˌʃtẹː ʕɛsˈɾẹː]	/šịtˌtaym ^caśˈrệ/ [ʃɪtˌtɐym ʕɐɬˈɾẹː] or [ʃɪtˌtɛym ʕɐɬˈɾẹː] /šịtˌtay ^caśˈrệ/ [ʃɪtˌtay ʕɐśˈɾẹː] or [ʃɪtˌtɛy ʕɐɬˈɾẹː]
13	ֹשְלֹˌשָה עָˈשָֹר [ʃәloːˌʃɔːʕɔːˈsɔːɾ] ֹשְˌלֹשֶת עָˈשָֹר [ʃәˌloːʃɛːθʕɔːˈsɔːɾ]	/šạlōˌšâ ^caˈśaːr/ [ʃɐloːˌʃɐːʕɐˈɬaːɾ] /šạlōˌšat ^caˈśaːr/ [ʃɐloːˌʃɐt ʕɐˈɬaːɾ]	עֶשְֹˈרֵה ֹשְˌלֹש [ʃәˌloːʃ ʕɛsˈɾẹː]	/šạˌlōš ^caśˈrệ/ [ʃɐˌloːʃ ʕɐɬˈɾẹː]
20	עֶשְֹˈרִים [ʕɛsˈɾiːm]	/^caśạˈrῑm/ [ʕɐśɐˈɾiːm]
30	ֹשְלֹˈשִים [ʃәloːˈʃiːm]	/šạlōˈšῑm/ [ʃɐloːˈʃiːm]
90	תִֹּשְˈעְים [tɪʃˈʕiːm]	/tišˈ^cῑm/ [tɪʃˈʕiːm]
100	מֵˈאָה [mẹːˈʔɐː]	/miˈʾâ/ [mɪˈʔɐː]or [mɛˈʔɐː]
200	מָאˈתַיִם [mɔːˈtɐyim]	/miʾaˈtaym/ [mɪʔɐˈtɐym]? [mɛʔaˈtɐym]?
300	ֹשְˌלֹש מֵˈאֹת [ʃәˌloːʃ mẹːˈʔoːt]	/šạˌlōš miˈ’ōt/ [ʃɐˌloːʃ mɪˈʔoːt]?[ʃɐˌloːʃ mɛˈʔoːt]?
1000	ˈאֶלֶף [ˈʔɛːlɛf]	/ˈʾalp/ [ˈʔɐlp]? [ˈʔɐlәp]?
2000	אַלְˈפַּיִם [ʾɐlˈpɐːyim]	/ʾalˈpaym/ [ʾɐlˈpɐym]
3000	ֹשְˌלֹשׁתֶ אֲלָˈפִים [ʃәˌloːʃɛt ʔɐ̆lɔːˈpiːm]	/šạlōˌšat ʾạlaˈpῑm/ [ʃɐloːˌʃɐt ʔɐlɐˈpiːm]
10,000	רְבָˈבָה [ɾәbɔːˈbɔː]	/rạbaˈbâ/ [ɾɐbɐˈbɐː]
	רִˈבּוֹ רִˈבּוֹא [ɾibˈboː]	/rabˈboː/ [ɾɐbˈboː] (EBHP?) > /ribˈboː/ or [ɾɪbˈboː] (EBHP?)

2. Ordinal

	Masculine		Feminine
	TH *[TH] (c. 850 CE)	EBHP */EBHP/^+ *[EBHP]^[7] (c. 850-550 BCE)	TH *[TH] (c. 850 CE)	EBHP */EBHP/^+ *[EBHP] (c. 850-550 BCE)
First	רִאˈֹשוֹן [ɾiːˈʃoːn]	/rôˈšōn/ [ɾoːˈʃoːn] (EBHP?) > /rîˈšōn/ [ɾiːˈšoːn][8] (EBHP?)	רִאֹשוֹˈנָה [ɾiːʃoˈːnɔː]	/rôšōˈnâ/ [ɾoːʃoːˈnɐː] (EBHP?) > /rîˈšōˈnâ/ [ɾiːʃoːˈnɐː] (EBHP?)
Second	ֹשֵˈנִי [ʃẹːˈniː]	/šiˈnῑ/[9] [ʃɪˈniː] or [ʃɛˈniː]	ֹשֵˈנִית [ʃẹːˈniːθ]	/šiˈnῑt/ [ʃɪˈniːt] or [ʃɛˈniːt]
Third	ֹשְליˈֹשִי [ʃәliːˈʃiː]	/šạlῑˈšῑ/ [ʃɐliːˈʃiː]	ֹשְליˈֹשִית [ʃәliːˈʃiːθ]	/šạlῑˈšῑt/ [ʃɐliːˈʃiːt]
Fourth	רְבִיˈעִי [ɾәviːˈʕiː]	/rạbῑˈ^cῑ/ [ɾɐbiːˈʕiː]	רְבִיˈעִית [ɾәviːˈʕiːθ]	/rạbῑˈ^cῑt/ [ɾɐbiːˈʕiːt]
Fifth	חֲמִיˈֹשִי [ħɐ̆miːˈʃiː]	/ḥạmῑˈšῑ/ [ħɐmiːˈʃiː]	חֲמִיˈֹשִית [ħɐ̆miːˈʃiːθ]	/ḥạmῑˈšῑt/ [ħɐmiːˈʃiːt]
Sixth	ֹשִׁˈשִּי [ʃiʃˈʃiː]	/šišˈšῑ/ [ʃɪʃˈʃiː]	ֹשִˈשִּית [ʃiʃˈʃiːθ]	/šišˈšῑt/ [ʃɪʃˈʃiːt]
Seventh	ֹשְבִיˈעִי [ʃәviːˈ^ciː]	/šạbῑˈ^cῑ/ > /šịbῑˈ^cῑ/ [ʃɪbiːˈ^ciː]	ֹשְבִיˈעִית [ʃәviːˈ^ciːθ]	/šạbῑˈ^cῑt/ > /šịbῑˈ^cῑt/ [ʃɪbiːˈ^ciːt]
Eighth	ֹשְמִיˈנִי [ʃәmiːˈniː]	/šạmῑˈnῑ/ [ʃɐmiːˈniː]	ֹשְמִיˈנִית [ʃәmiːˈniːθ]	/šạmῑˈnῑt/ [ʃɐmiːˈniːt]
Ninth	תְֹּשִיˈעִי [tәʃiːˈʕiː]	/tịšῑˈ^cῑ/ [tɪʃiːˈʕiː]	תְֹּשִיˈעִית [tәʃiːˈʕiːθ]	/tịšῑˈ^cῑt/ [tɪʃiːˈʕiːt]
Tenth	עֲשִֹיˈרִי [ʕɐ̆siːˈɾiː]	/^cạśῑˈrῑ/ [ʕɐɬiːˈɾiː]	עֲשִֹיˈרִית [ʕɐ̆siːˈɾiːθ]	/^cạśῑˈrῑt/ [ʕɐɬiːˈɾiːt]

Note also

Words Significantly Different in Pronunciation in Pre-Exilic Hebrew

With Geminated Final Consonents

The History of Some Word Forms in Hebrew

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[1] Cf. Beyer 1969 pp.54-55.

^[2] Note, in reconstructed [EBHP] transliterations and sound files -

1.there is no spirantization of the bgdkpt consonants;

2. vowel qualities are outlined here;

3. I use the most probable form. Where no one form stands out as most probable, I select the one closest to the MT vocalization.

4. when multiple forms are possible, the form used is underlined.

[3] For similar total assimilation of preceeding /d/ to /t/ in Colloquial Arabic see Mitchel 1993 p. 109.

[4] /ˈšintaymu/ > /šitˈtaymu/ > /šitˈtaym/.

[5] /ˈšab^c/ = [ˈša/ɛb^c] or [ˈša/ɛbә^c].

[6] /šaˈmāniyu/ > /šamōˈniyu/ > /šamōˈniy/ > /šamōˈnê/ > /šәmōˈnɛ/ (TH).

^[7] Note, in reconstructed [EBHP] transliterations and sound files -

1.there is no spirantization of the bgdkpt consonants;

2. vowel qualities are outlined here;

3. I use the most probable form. Where no one form stands out as most probable, I select the one closest to the MT vocalization.

4. when multiple forms are possible, the form used is underlined.

[8] See Blau 2010 §4.5.2.2 - /rôˈšōn/ > /rîˈšōn/

[9] Manuel 1995 (p. 124) suggests "Perhaps šiniy(y) (with final historically geminated consonant; nisbeh); contrast TH šēˈnῑ (<<šiniyy)."